In the Clean Peptides knowledge base, we explain what peptides are, how to read a certificate of analysis and how to store and dissolve research materials. For each substance, we describe what the scientific literature says about its structure and substance class, and about its status with bodies such as the EMA, the FDA and WADA. Every article is written by the Clean Peptides Editorial Team, sticks to the facts and includes a list of sources.
The articles provide background information for laboratory and research use (research use only, RUO). They do not give advice on use or instructions for use in humans or animals.
Basics and key terms
- What are peptides? Explanation and key terms – amino acids, the peptide bond, how peptides differ from proteins, synthesis and lyophilisates, explained in plain language.
- Research use only (RUO): what does it mean? – what the RUO label covers, what it does not mean and how Dutch regulations handle it.
Quality and analysis
- How to read a certificate of analysis (COA): HPLC and MS explained – how to interpret HPLC purity and the mass measured by mass spectrometry, and how to spot missing information.
- Purity, endotoxins and heavy metals: what is tested in peptides? – what HPLC, MS, the LAL endotoxin test and ICP-MS measure, and the difference between purity and net peptide content.
Storing and dissolving
- How do you store peptides so they stay stable? – powder or solution, fridge or freezer, and how moisture, light and thawing affect stability.
- What is bacteriostatic water and what is it used for in the lab? – sterile water with 0.9% benzyl alcohol: how it differs from ordinary sterile water and how to store it.
Retatrutide
- Buy retatrutide for research: pens and vials – an overview of retatrutide with background information, sources, and all pens and vials on one page.
- Retatrutide pen or vial: what are the differences? – form, strengths, reconstitution and storage: the pre-filled pen compared with the vial of freeze-dried powder.
- How to store retatrutide: temperature, light and shelf life – fridge or freezer, protection from light and moisture, and shelf life after reconstitution, for both pen and vial.
- Retatrutide vs semaglutide and tirzepatide: the differences – receptors, structure, developer and regulatory status at the EMA and FDA, side by side.
Substances explained
- What is BPC-157? The state of the research – a synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide: its origin, what has been studied, what remains unknown and its regulatory status.
- What is TB-500, and how does it relate to thymosin beta-4? – the difference between the TB-500 fragment and full-length thymosin beta-4, with structural data and WADA status.
- What is GHK-Cu? The copper peptide in research and cosmetics – the tripeptide GHK bound to copper: structure, cosmetic research and EU cosmetics regulation.
- What is KLOW? The peptide blend explained – a blend of GHK-Cu, BPC-157, TB-500 and KPV: what each component is and what a blend means for HPLC and MS.
- What is NAD+? A coenzyme in research – NAD+ is not a peptide but a coenzyme: what it is, how cells make it and what research has been done.
- What is MOTS-c? A mitochondrial peptide in research – a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA: its discovery, structure and the current state of research.
- What is tesamorelin? The GHRH analogue explained – a synthetic analogue of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), with its status at the FDA, EMA and WADA.
- What is ipamorelin? A GH secretagogue in research – a synthetic pentapeptide that binds the ghrelin receptor, with an explanation of CJC-1295 (no DAC) and its status at the EMA, FDA and WADA.
- Semax and Selank: what are they? – two heptapeptides from Russian research, derived from ACTH(4-10) and tuftsin: structure, status in Russia and the EU, analysis and storage.
- What is PT-141 (bremelanotide)? – a cyclic peptide and melanocortin receptor agonist: how it relates to melanotan II and its status at the FDA, EMA and WADA.
More
- All peptides and solvents in the shop – all vials, pens and solvents on one page, each with a batch number on the label.
All Clean Peptides products are intended exclusively for laboratory and research use, not for human or animal use. This information is not medical advice. Have a question about a product or batch? Please contact us and quote the batch number on the label.
